DI & IoC - 使用Unity.MVC让ASP.NET Framework4.8实现DI注入

使用Unity.MVC让ASP.NET Framework4.8 MVC实现DI注入

在.Net(Core)的DI注入功能是内建的，我们在Program.cs里面就可以直接设定介面跟要对应的实作类别。但在.Net Framework4.8 MVC还没有内建DI容器这种东西，所以必须要另外安装DI套件，才能实现依赖注入(DI)

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安装套件Unity & Unity.Mvc5

可以透过NuGet来安装

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建立设定档UnityConfig.cs

在App_Start资料夹底下，新增UnityConfig.cs，预设内容如下。

using Unity;

using Unity.Mvc5;

    public static class UnityConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterComponents()
        {
			var container = new UnityContainer();
			
            // register all your components with the container here
            // it is NOT necessary to register your controllers

            // e.g. container.RegisterType<ITestService, TestService>();

            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new UnityDependencyResolver(container));
        }
    }

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建立对应

using Unity;
using Unity.Injection; //新增namespace
using Unity.Mvc5;
    
    public static class UnityConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterComponents()
        {
			var container = new UnityContainer();
			var rootPath = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath;
            string txtFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(rootPath, "Areas", "Viewer", "Content", "test_log.txt");
			
            // register all your components with the container here
            // it is NOT necessary to register your controllers

            // e.g. container.RegisterType<ITestService, TestService>();
            container.RegisterType<ILogService, TxtLogService>(new InjectionConstructor(txtFilePath)); //建立介面(ILogService)跟低阶类别(TxtLogService)的对应

            DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new UnityDependencyResolver(container));
        }
    }

    public interface ILogService
    {
        void LogClear();
        void Log(string content);
    }

    public class TxtLogService: ILogService
    {
        private readonly string _filePath;

        public TxtLogService(string filePath)
        {
            _filePath = filePath;
        }

        public void LogClear()
        {
            // 使用StreamWriter清空文件内容
            using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(_filePath, false))
            {
                writer.Write(string.Empty);
            }
        }

        public void Log(string content)
        {
            using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(_filePath, true))
            {
                writer.WriteLine($"{content}\r\n");
            }
        }
    }

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建构子注入 & 应用

    public class TestController : BaseController
    {
    	private readonly ILogService _logService;
    	
    	public TestController(
    		ILogService logService
    	)
    	{
    		_logService = logService
    	}
    	
    	public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    	{
			_logService.LogClear();
            _logService.Log($"point-start. => {DateTime.Now}");
    	}
    }

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底层类别替换

//UnityConfig.cs
container.RegisterType<ILogService, MailLogService>(); //低阶类别TxtLogService替换成MailLogService

    public class MailLogService: ILogService
    {
        public void LogClear()
        {
            实作内容省略
...
        }

        public void Log(string content)
        {
            实作内容省略
...        
        }
    }

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生命週期设定

在.Net(Core)的DI里，注入的服务会有生命週期(请参考：.Net Core DI 服务生命週期)。

	.Net(Core)	Unity.MVC
每次Post/Get Request在Application结束前， 都会使用相同的instance	builder.Services.AddScoped<ILogService, MailLogService>();	container.RegisterType<ILogService, MailLogService>(new PerRequestLifetimeManager());
每次注入都会建立新的instance	builder.Services.AddTransient<ILogService, MailLogService>();	container.RegisterType<ILogService, MailLogService>(new TransientLifetimeManager());
应用程式从开始到结束，使用的都是同一个instance	builder.Services.AddSingleton<ILogService, MailLogService>();	container.RegisterType<ILogService, MailLogService>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());

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