Smart Lockdown/巧妙封锁,科技赋能下的疫情防控新策略

Okay, let's break down "Smart Lockdown" or "巧妙封锁" (qiǎo miào fēng suǒ).
"Smart Lockdown (Smart Lockdown)"
This term generally refers to the application of "smart technology, data analytics, and digital tools" to manage and implement lockdown measures, particularly during public health crises like pandemics (e.g., COVID-19).
Key characteristics and elements include:
1. "Data-Driven Decision Making:" Using real-time data (e.g., GPS tracking, health code scans, contact tracing information) to identify hotspots, contain outbreaks, and potentially tailor lockdown zones more precisely. 2. "Digital Health Codes:" Systems (like China's "Health Code") that classify individuals based on their health status, travel history, and potential exposure, often using QR codes that grant or deny access to public spaces, transportation, and services. 3. "Remote Monitoring and Enforcement:" Utilizing technology to monitor compliance without physical presence (e.g., facial recognition at checkpoints, automated alerts for rule-breakers). 4. "Targeted Lockdowns:" Theoretically, using data to impose lockdowns on specific areas or groups (like entire cities, specific buildings, or individuals under quarantine) rather than blanket, nationwide lockdowns, aiming for efficiency. 5. "Integration with Other Systems:" Connecting lockdown measures with transportation systems (tracking movement), public services (providing aid), and communication platforms. 6

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To lift, or not to lift, that is the question.(解封还是不解封,这是个问题。)

时值新冠肺炎全球确诊病例突破千万大关之际,身陷“封锁悖论”(lockdown paradox)的各国政府难免发出上面的“哈姆雷特之问”:是冒着经济增长放缓的危险坚持全面封锁(take the chance of economic slowdown by sticking to a complete lockdown),还是解除封锁挽救经济,但承担病毒扩散的风险(lift the lockdown to save the economy, but risking the spread of the virus)?

所幸,这并非一个非此即彼的问题(this is not an either/or)。随着越来越多的政府考虑部分解除限制措施(partially lift off restrictions),“巧妙封锁”(smart lockdown)成为一种值得考虑的折中方案(tradeoff)。

所谓“巧妙封锁”,就是“选择性封锁”(selective lockdown),即针对新发疫情封闭小片区域(shut down smaller regions in response to new outbreaks)。

较早明确提出这一概念的是我们的邻国巴基斯坦。而北京在应对最近一轮暴发时,却是实践这一概念的“模范生”(poster child)。现在,德国、葡萄牙和意大利等欧洲国家也开始尝试。

欧洲国家刚刚开始尝试的原因之一是,实施巧妙封锁有个重要的前提条件:新增感染大致得到控制(new infections largely brought under control)。

与全面封锁相比,巧妙封锁对政府提出的要求要高得多(it puts a much larger onus on governments)。其中的首要任务是通过快速检测(rapid testing)和接触史追踪(contact tracing)等方式尽早发现新增病例(identify new cases),以便及时圈定感染范围(in order to circumscribe contagion)。而这都需要投入大量人力物力。仅以接触史追踪为例,民众下载相关应用程序固然有所帮助,但政府也必须确保当地卫生系统有足够的人手开展流行病学实地调查(epidemiologic field investigations)。

然而,这并不意味着民众的作用退居次席(play second fiddle)。巧妙封锁同样、甚至更需要民众的配合。一方面,为了预防区域内可能出现一传多的“超级传播事件”(superspreader events),佩戴口罩(wearing masks)和保持社交距离(maintaining social distancing)仍是两大“金科玉律”(golden rules)。另一方面,眼见其他社区重新开放,高风险区(hot zone)仍要遵守“居家令”(stay-at-home order)等较严格的措施(more draconian measures),是对区域内民众耐心和纪律性(sense of discipline)的更大考验。

巧妙封锁固然不足以彻底消灭新增病例,但毕竟是兼顾经济效益和社会效益的积极努力,也被称为“我们当前的最大希望所在”(the best hope we have)。事实上,除了巧妙封锁,疫苗和药物研发等更是人类智慧与合作的体现,也是我们战胜新冠疫情的终极希望。相信人类不会永远——套用哈姆雷特的另一句话——忍受骇人病毒的摧残(suffer the slings and arrows of the outrageous virus)。(张熠柠)

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