Vagrant Boxes

Official Vagrant Boxes repository:
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

Vagrantfile

mkdir webappcd webapp

$ vagrant initA `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are nowready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please readthe comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.$ lsVagrantfile

$ vim Vagrantfile

将所有的注解删除后，留下最简单的 vagrant file：

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|  config.vm.box = "base"end

更换一下 vagrant box：

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/bionic64"end

验证一下 vagrant 语法有没有写错

$ vagrant validateVagrantfile validated successfully.

因为在 VMware Workstation 上启的 CentOS 7 VM 内安装 VirtualBox，安装上没问题，但执行上发现问题，因此接下来指令就不跑在 Linux 了，改用 Windows 实体机示範。

启动 VM (ubuntu/bionic64)

PS D:\webapp> vagrant up

PS D:\webapp> vagrant ssh-configHost default  HostName 127.0.0.1  User vagrant  Port 2222  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null  StrictHostKeyChecking no  PasswordAuthentication no  IdentityFile D:/webapp/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key  IdentitiesOnly yes  LogLevel FATAL

连进 VM

PS D:\webapp> vagrant sshWelcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage  System information as of Fri Nov 22 02:44:37 UTC 2019  System load:  0.0               Processes:             95  Usage of /:   12.1% of 9.63GB   Users logged in:       0  Memory usage: 16%               IP address for enp0s3: 10.0.2.15  Swap usage:   0%0 packages can be updated.0 updates are security updates.vagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$

看状态

vagrant statusvagrant global-statusvagrant global-status --prune

关机

vagrant halt

暂停

vagrant suspend default

恢复

vagrant reloadvagrant resume

删除

vagrant destroy

先重头再启一个 VM，连进去做更新，再退出

PS D:\webapp> vagrant upPS D:\webapp> vagrant sshWelcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage  System information as of Sat Nov 23 03:06:42 UTC 2019  System load:  0.1               Processes:             104  Usage of /:   12.1% of 9.63GB   Users logged in:       0  Memory usage: 15%               IP address for enp0s3: 10.0.2.15  Swap usage:   0%0 packages can be updated.0 updates are security updates.vagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ sudo apt-get update & apt-get upgrade -yvagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ exitlogoutConnection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

快照，名称为 updated，并列出快照清单

PS D:\webapp> vagrant snapshot save default updated==> default: Snapshotting the machine as 'updated'...==> default: Snapshot saved! You can restore the snapshot at any time by==> default: using `vagrant snapshot restore`. You can delete it using==> default: `vagrant snapshot delete`.PS D:\webapp> vagrant snapshot list==> default:updated

再连进去，做一点更动（安装 apache2），完成后退出

PS D:\webapp> vagrant sshvagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2 -yvagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ exit

还原快照 updated

PS D:\webapp> vagrant snapshot restore default updated==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...==> default: Restoring the snapshot 'updated'...==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/bionic64' version '20191121.0.0' is up to date...==> default: Resuming suspended VM...==> default: Booting VM...==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222    default: SSH username: vagrant    default: SSH auth method: private key==> default: Machine booted and ready!==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

连进去验证是否回到 apache2 未安装状态

PS D:\webapp> vagrant sshvagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ sudo systemctl status apache2Unit apache2.service could not be found.vagrant@ubuntu-bionic:~$ exit

删除快照，建议删除之前先行关机

PS D:\webapp> vagrant halt==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...PS D:\webapp> vagrant snapshot delete updated==> default: Deleting the snapshot 'updated'...==> default: Snapshot deleted!

複製 webapp 资料夹为 webapp2，切换到 webapp2
用 push 方式产生快照，此方法快照名称自动产生、无法指定

PS D:\webapp2> vagrant snapshot push==> default: Snapshotting the machine as 'push_1574481235_1492'...==> default: Snapshot saved! You can restore the snapshot at any time by==> default: using `vagrant snapshot restore`. You can delete it using==> default: `vagrant snapshot delete`.PS D:\webapp2> vagrant snapshot list==> default:push_1574481235_1492

用 pop 方式还原快照，此时快照亦会同时删除

PS D:\webapp2> vagrant snapshot pop==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...==> default: Restoring the snapshot 'push_1574481235_1492'...==> default: Deleting the snapshot 'push_1574481235_1492'...==> default: Snapshot deleted!==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/bionic64' version '20191121.0.0' is up to date...==> default: Resuming suspended VM...==> default: Booting VM...==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222    default: SSH username: vagrant    default: SSH auth method: private keyTimed out while waiting for the machine to boot. This means thatVagrant was unable to communicate with the guest machine withinthe configured ("config.vm.boot_timeout" value) time period.If you look above, you should be able to see the error(s) thatVagrant had when attempting to connect to the machine. These errorsare usually good hints as to what may be wrong.If you're using a custom box, make sure that networking is properlyworking and you're able to connect to the machine. It is a commonproblem that networking isn't setup properly in these boxes.Verify that authentication configurations are also setup properly,as well.If the box appears to be booting properly, you may want to increasethe timeout ("config.vm.boot_timeout") value.PS D:\webapp2> vagrant snapshot list==> default: No snapshots have been taken yet!    default: You can take a snapshot using `vagrant snapshot save`. Note that    default: not all providers support this yet. Once a snapshot is taken, you    default: can list them using this command, and use commands such as    default: `vagrant snapshot restore` to go back to a certain snapshot.